Abstract
Several circumstances, including the etiology of epilepsy, its early onset, recurrent seizures, and the use of anti-seizure medications (ASMs), can lead to cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy. Studies indicate that the etiology of epilepsy may be more closely associated with cognitive problems than the ASMs. However, considering long-term treatment in pediatrics and their developing nervous systems, it is critical to understand the cognitive effects of each anti-seizure medication. Significant methodological challenges exist in studying the cognitive effects of ASMs. Accordingly, this review aims to give a broad overview of recent studies on cognitive impairment caused by first- and second-generation ASMs.