Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly for young children and the elderly. This study examines Croatian pediatricians' and pediatric residents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding RSV infection and its prevention. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of the Croatian Pediatric Association from June to August 2023. The survey included demographic data, knowledge about RSV, risk perception across age groups, and attitudes toward RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing knowledge, attitudes, and practice outcomes. A total of 196 participants fulfilled the survey. General knowledge scores were comparable between pediatricians and residents. Pediatricians demonstrated higher risk perception for RSV in adults (OR = 4.89, 95% CI 1.91-12.54, p = 0.001). Attitudes toward RSV vaccines and mAbs were largely favorable, with prior experience in mAb use emerging as a key predictor of positive attitudes (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.07-4.12, p = 0.032). Regional differences were notable, with participants from Adriatic Croatia exhibiting more favorable attitudes toward mAb use than those in Pannonian Croatia (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.66-8.79, p = 0.002). Gender also influenced attitudes, with male physicians more likely to recognize mAb efficacy in preventing RSV infections (OR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.44-6.54, p = 0.004). The findings highlight favorable attitudes toward RSV prevention among Croatian pediatricians and residents, with variations influenced by mAb experience, regional factors, and gender. These insights emphasize the importance of targeted educational efforts to enhance the adoption of RSV preventive strategies.