Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) is an ultrathin nanomaterial with a high degree of anisotropy, surface-to-volume ratio, chemical functionality and mechanical strength. These properties together enable MoS(2) to emerge as a potent nanomaterial for diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery, regenerative medicine, biosensing and bioelectronics. Thus, understanding the interactions of MoS(2) with its biological interface becomes indispensable. These interactions, referred to as "nano-bio" interactions, play a key role in determining the biocompatibility and the pathways through which the nanomaterial influences molecular, cellular and biological function. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the nano-bio interactions of MoS(2) and emphasize on how these interactions dictate its biomedical applications including intracellular trafficking, biodistribution and biodegradation. Also, a critical evaluation of the interactions of MoS(2) with proteins and specific cell types such as immune cells and progenitor/stem cells is illustrated which governs the short-term and long-term compatibility of MoS(2)-based biomedical devices.