Abstract
Stem cells are type of cells that have unlimited self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential under specific conditions. Stem cell-based therapeutic techniques can provide new methods for the treatment of perplexing severe liver diseases. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are currently considered as ideal stem cells due to their low immunogenicity, convenient materials, abundant sources and advantage of no ethical controversy in the clinical treatment of diseases. Presently, there is a large number of basic and clinical application evidence, which suggests that mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the condition and outcome of end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and liver failure, and its mechanism of action may include hepatocyte-like cells differentiation, immune function regulation, exosome secretion, etc. This paper briefly summarizes the current theories and clinical research status of mesenchymal stem cells application, as well as the therapeutic clinical trial issues and concerns that needs to be resolved during the perplexing severe liver diseases process.