Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Subclinical mastitis decreases milk production and quality, despite the normal appearance of the mammary glands and milk. Herein, we aimed to investigate changes in factors monitored via automatic milking systems (AMS) prior to subclinical mastitis onset and identify differences in hematological and biochemical parameters and milk composition at subclinical mastitis onset. METHODS: Thirty-two Holstein cows were divided into two groups according to somatic cell counts (SCC) from AMS and milk composition analysis and the California mastitis test (CMT): healthy cows (controls [CON], n = 16, SCC <500×103 cells/mL and negative for CMT) and cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM, n=16, SCC ≥500×103 cells/mL and positive for CMT). Eventually, 121 milk samples from the CON ([mCON], n = 60) and SCM ([mSCM], n = 61) groups were obtained; SCM samples were categorized as those from non-inflamed (mNQ) or subclinically-inflamed (mIQ) quarters. We evaluated AMS factors; hematological, biochemical, and milk composition parameters; and bacterial isolation. RESULTS: In cows with SCM, milk yield decreased, and electrical conductivity (EC) changed before disease onset. Milk EC decreased in mNQ although increased in mIQ (p<0.05). The SCM group had higher globulin levels and lower basophil counts; albumin-to-globulin ratio; and total cholesterol, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen levels than the CON group (p<0.05). The mIQ group had higher SCC but lower levels of lactose and milk solids-notfat than those in the mCON and mNQ groups (p<0.05). The mCON group had higher levels of milk non-protein nitrogen than the mNQ group (p<0.05). Opportunistic mastitis pathogens were isolated in the mIQ group. CONCLUSION: Changes in milk yield and EC measured using AMS occurred prior to subclinical mastitis, which may be associated with variation in basophil counts; albumin-toglobulin ratio; and total cholesterol, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, globulin, SCC, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat levels at disease onset. These findings provide new insights into early-stage subclinical mastitis.