Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most prevalent hereditary renal disease, associated with progressive renal insufficiency, usually leading to dialysis. It is rarely diagnosed with other renal abnormalities. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman with a duplicated left polycystic kidney, who had recurrent pain and pyelonephritis because of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction of the upper moiety. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old female patient initially presented with left flank pain for 7 days. Evaluation demonstrated enlarged bilateral polycystic kidneys with the appearance of a duplicated system of the left kidney and UPJ obstruction of the upper moeity. She underwent endoscopic management, including balloon dilatation and stent placement. After stent removal she had no symptoms, and ultrasonography showed resolution of the upper pole hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Minimally invasive nephron sparing approaches for UPJ obstruction could delay the process of end-stage renal disease development in polycystic kidney disease patients who have additional congenital renal anomalies. Balloon dilatation should be considered as a feasible therapy for UPJ obstruction in polycystic kidney disease patients with duplicated systems.