Abstract
In China, Anostostomatidae is represented by a single tribe, Anabropsini; two genera; and 33 species. Although extensive research has been conducted on Anabropsini, the monophyly of this tribe within Anostostomatidae remains unverified. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within Anabropsis remain under debate. To address these gaps, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of five Anabropsini species to investigate their mitochondrial characteristics and phylogenetic positions and clarify the relationships among Anabropsis subgenera. The total mitochondrial length of the five species ranged from 15,985 bp to 16,423 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 control region. A grouped analysis of selection pressure on Anabropsis revealed that the Ka/Ks values for alate and apterous forms are not significantly different, suggesting that using wing length alone as the basis for dividing subgenera within Anabropsis may be unreliable. Tertiary structure modeling of proteins showed that the variable sites were concentrated in α-helix regions. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods and were based on two better datasets, namely, PCG123 (all codon positions of the PCGs) and PCG123 + 2R (all codon positions of PCGs, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA). The results indicate that the Chinese Anabropsini is paraphyletic, whereas Anabropsis is monophyletic, with a stable subgeneric topology.