Abstract
The market-oriented allocation of Energy-Consuming Rights allows enterprises to trade legally obtained energy consumption quotas on public platforms within regional caps, improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable development. As an institutional innovation, Energy-consuming rights trading (ECRT) addresses China's energy and environmental challenges while fostering green transformation. This study employs agent-based modeling to simulate the dynamic interactions among enterprises, governments, and trading platforms under dual constraints of energy consumption and carbon emissions. The results show that: (1) ECRT reduces total energy consumption by 8.1% and carbon emissions by 9.8% compared to regions without trading markets, demonstrating its effectiveness in energy conservation and emission reduction. (2) Paid quotas outperform free quotas, reducing energy consumption by 7.9% and carbon emissions by 6.8%, while stabilizing trading prices and enhancing market activity. (3) High-quality development scenarios improve energy efficiency by 4.4% and reduce carbon emissions by 5%, aligning better with the "dual-carbon" goals. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing ECRT mechanisms and advancing green, low-carbon economic transformation. Policy recommendations include refining quota allocation methods, enhancing market participation, and integrating ECRT with carbon trading systems to maximize efficiency.