Abstract
A hierarchical nanocomposite of carbon microspheres decorated with tungsten oxide (WO(3)) nanocrystals resulted from the hydrothermal treatment of a precursor solution containing glucose and tungstic acid. The dehydration of glucose molecules formed oligosaccharides, which consequently carbonized, turning into carbon microspheres. The carbon microspheres then acted as a spherical nucleus onto which WO(3) nanocrystals grew via heterogeneous nucleation. The reaction product showed a phase junction of orthorhombic and monoclinic WO(3,) which transitioned to mix-phase of tetragonal and monoclinic WO(3) after a subsequent heat treatment at 600 °C in an inert condition. The electrochemical tests showed that incorporating WO(3) onto the carbon (WO(3)/C) resulted in a three-fold increase in the specific capacitance compared to WO(3) alone and a high coulombic and energy efficiencies of 98.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The nanocomposite exhibited supercapacitance with both Faradaic and non-Faradaic charge storage mechanisms. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a lower charge transfer resistance for the composite at R(ct) = 11.7Ω.