Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reports on malaria and HIV coinfections in exposed infants from tropical countries are scarce. RESULTS: The case of a 2-month-old HIV-exposed Nigerian infant who presented with intermittent fever at a Nigerian tertiary hospital is reported. The rarity of the case and the challenges associated with making the diagnosis informed our decision to report the case. CONCLUSION: Diagnosing malaria in HIV-exposed infants in early infancy requires a high index of suspicion, good knowledge of the clinical presentation, and appropriate microbiological investigations for sepsis and malaria. Further studies need to be conducted on the association between malaria and HIV exposure.