Abstract
The precision and stability of seam position detection are critical for single-square-groove weld seams formed using two thin metal plates. However, traditional methods, such as structured laser light imaging, struggle with narrow seams that lack misalignment and have high reflectivity, while non-structured light approaches are prone to welding light interference and speckle noise. To overcome these challenges, we propose a versatile optical design that leverages differential illumination to generate differential phase contrast (DPC) images. By processing images captured under differential illumination, the DPC method notably enhances seam edge contrast and suppresses welding light noise, improving the detection robustness and reliability. This approach provides a promising solution for high-precision weld seam detection in challenging environments.