Abstract
BACKGROUND: The baboon (Papio hamadryas anubis) is an attractive model for intrauterine contraception research due to anatomic similarity to the human. Although non-human primates have previously been used for intrauterine contraception research, it was unknown whether modern intrauterine devices (IUDs) can be placed in an anatomically similar position in the baboon. This study sought to determine whether human-use IUDs could be seated correctly in the uterus of the baboon. STUDY DESIGN: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was placed ex vivo into two baboon uteri collected at necropsy and in three living, reproductively proven baboons. RESULTS: Correct placement of human-use IUDs in the baboon was confirmed by both MRI and ultrasound. This study establishes that a LNG-IUS can be inserted into the baboon uterus and maintained without clinically adverse effects for at least 6 months. The positioning of the device is similar to positioning found in women. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important support for studying IUD safety and efficacy in the baboon.