Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing condition that is often refractory to treatment. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) indicate that the incidence and disease burden of this condition continue to rise globally, posing a significant public health challenge. With advancements in synthetic biology, engineered probiotics constructed using gene-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 have offered a groundbreaking strategy for treating IBD. These engineered probiotics modulate the intestinal microenvironment with high precision through multiple mechanisms, including the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory factors, scavenging of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), restoration of barrier integrity, and regulation of microbial homeostasis. Preclinical studies indicate that, in terms of therapeutic precision and functionality, these probiotics may provide advantages over traditional medications. In addition, advances in delivery systems have improved acid resistance and targeted colonization at lesion sites. Engineered smart, responsive engineered probiotics can monitor inflammation in real-time and dynamically release therapeutic molecules. Their use in combination with conventional drugs can significantly improve mucosal healing. This study summarizes recent research progress of engineered probiotics in IBD diagnosis and treatment, aiming to provide insights into the application of microbiome-driven curative interventions in IBD.