Impending Cardiac Tamponade as the Initial Manifestation of BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Leukemia involves all organs and tissues of the body. Leukemic infiltration of the pericardium has been documented frequently at post-mortem examinations. Clinically, however, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade is rare, and only isolated case reports have been described. In all the reported cases, therapeutic pericardiocentesis was required for the relief of cardiac tamponade with the risk of bleeding since these patients often had deranged hemostasis. We are reporting a rare case of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in chronic myeloid leukemia before starting the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The patient required therapeutic pericardiocentesis and hydroxyurea treatment.