Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Docetaxel is the first-line drug that has been proved to improve the overall survival of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). For patients who survive the prostate cancer, they may be at risk of secondary neoplasm, especially for the therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a 44-year-old man with prostate cancer (cT4N1M1c) who developed t-AML following docetaxel chemotherapy. Typically, the t-AML in our case was characterized by an aberrant karyotype t(15;17)(q22;q21). CONCLUSIONS: This case is, to our knowledge, the first time to report a patient with mHSPC who developed therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia following docetaxel chemotherapy, suggesting that docetaxel might contribute to the induction of t-AML.