Abstract
This study extensively evaluated the therapeutic potential of Mitragyna parvifolia in treating filariasis-induced secondary lymphedema, with a specific focus on validating its efficacy as a dermal application for acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA). The research investigated the effects of M. parvifolia leaf extract, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Mp-AgNPs), and the primary alkaloid Mitraphylline through various assays. Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from M. parvifolia leaves, confirmed by observable color changes and UV-Vis spectroscopy, highlighting their potential as enhanced wound dressing components. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups indicative of biochemical activities in Mp-AgNPs, while DLS and SEM studies elucidated their size and morphology characteristics, essential for understanding their application in therapeutic settings. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated that all tested samples exhibited minimal hemolytic activity, supporting their suitability for further studies. Antioxidant assays showed significant radical scavenging activity in M. parvifolia extracts and Mp-AgNPs, surpassing that of Mitraphylline and demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits. The M. parvifolia leaf extract and its silver nanoparticles exhibited effective macrofilaricidal activity, with the nanoparticles showing enhanced inhibition at higher concentrations. Cytotoxicity evaluations on a Tilapia gill (TG) cell line revealed dose-dependent effects, suggesting Mp-AgNPs and the leaf extract's higher toxicity thresholds compared to purified Mitraphylline. Furthermore, wound healing assays indicated comparable efficacy among M. parvifolia derivatives in promoting wound closure, emphasizing their potential in managing lymphedema-related infections. Overall, this comprehensive evaluation underscores the therapeutic promise of M. parvifolia and its derivatives, particularly Mp-AgNPs, as effective topical treatments for secondary infections in lymphedema. The integration of nanoparticles in treatment strategies offers a novel approach to mitigate antimicrobial resistance, marking a significant advancement in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.