Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge levels of patients who present to the dentist for diagnostic or treatment purposes regarding the radiation dose of radiological examinations used in dentistry, the harmful effects of radiation, and protective measures against radiation. METHODS: A total of 402 adult participants (228 female, 174 male) who presented to the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at Marmara University and Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University were selected using a systematic random sampling method (every third eligible patient). The structured questionnaire consisted of 15 items, including demographic questions and 14 knowledge-based items related to radiation dose, biological effects, and protection principles. Each correct answer was assigned 1 point, while incorrect or "not sure" answers were scored as 0, producing a total score from 0 to 13, later converted to a 0-100 scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v29. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were performed, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Among the participants, the highest proportion fell within the 18-25 age group (36.1%). The mean knowledge scores were 52.39 ± 17.58 for Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University and 53.50 ± 17.29 for Marmara University, with no statistically significant difference between the two faculties (p = 0.524). However, participants aged 18-25 years scored significantly higher than older age groups (p = 0.001). Social media was the most frequently reported source of information (47.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study concluded that patients did not possess sufficient knowledge regarding the hazards of radiation and protective methods against radiation. In order to increase participants' level of knowledge and awareness, educational sessions should be organised in healthcare facilities and educational institutions. These efforts should be supported and reinforced by distributing brochures and through media outlets.