Recent developments in the research of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes, identified by low incidence but high mortality rates. Medications, particularly antibiotics, are the most common causative agents, and infection is also considered a common pathogenic factor. Multiple alleles diagnosed with drug allergies, which can help in predicting the occurrence of SJS and TEN were detected during research. Although the pathogenesis of SJS and TEN is not yet fully understood, the current gold standard for treatment involves early diagnosis and treatment, discontinuation of the allergenic drugs, and supportive care. Treatment options include systemic use of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine A, plasmapheresis, and TNF-α inhibitors.