Abstract
Micro- and nanoenvironments formed by amphiphile self-assembled structures, water-ice lattices and minerals have well-defined, repeating, chemical and physical properties that can be used for selective synthesis of biopolymers, such as RNAs and proteins. The advances made in the development of polymerization supported by these micro- and nanosystems are reviewed here. In particular, it is shown that these systems promote non-enzymatic biopolymerization, yielding long polymers whose sequence composition is determined by the interactions between monomers and the supporting environment. When used to compartmentalize enzymatic biopolymerization, micro- and nanostructures allow the implementation of molecular selection and evolution schemes, which are difficult in homogeneous medium, yielding very active molecules. Thus, micro- and nanoenvironment approaches to the synthesis and selection of biopolymers could be developed into a new biotechnological tool for the production of biopolymers with novel functions.