Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion and diabetes mellitus are correlated with coronary endothelial dysfunction and inactivation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Increased reactive oxidative species, such as mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, may contribute to oxidative injury. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species may protect coronary small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and endothelial function against cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. METHODS: Small coronary arteries and endothelial cells from the hearts of mice with and without diabetes mellitus were isolated and examined by using a cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation model to determine whether the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo could protect against coronary endothelial and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel dysfunction. The microvessels or mouse heart endothelial cells were treated with or without Mito-Tempo (0-10 μM) 5 minutes before and during cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation. Microvascular function was assessed in vitro by vessel myography. K(+) currents of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by whole-cell patch clamp. The levels of intracellular cytosolic free calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium protein expression of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by Rhod-2 fluorescence staining, MitoSox, and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation significantly attenuated endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, caused calcium overload, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxidative species of mouse heart endothelial cells in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups. In addition, treating mouse heart endothelial cells with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) reduced cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced Ca(2+) and mitochondrial reactive oxidative species overload in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (P < .05). Treatment with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) significantly enhanced coronary relaxation responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and NS309 (P < .05), and endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel currents in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of Mito-Tempo improves endothelial function and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, which may contribute to its enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation after cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation.