Abstract
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is always challenging in critically ill patients. Herein, we aimed to report a case of NOMI associated with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). A small amount of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) triggered the diagnosis of NOMI. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old man was transferred due to shock and disorder of consciousness. He was diagnosed with an HHS. We suspected intestinal ischemia due to a small amount of HPVG revealed by computed tomography (CT). Peritoneal signs were revealed after treatment for the HHS. Computed tomography was carried out again 5 h after admission, which showed a large amount of HPVG, remarkable bowel dilatation, and pneumatosis intestinalis. We performed an emergency laparotomy and resected the small bowel necrosis resulting from NOMI. CONCLUSION: An HHS can cause NOMI, and the presence of HPVG on CT is an important finding that suggests mesenteric ischemia, even in small amounts.