Abstract
The extreme speed of the design and provisional approval of the covid-19 mRNA vaccines, as well as the speed of their mass production one year after the start of the pandemic, surprised and contradicted all the experts and big pharmaceutical companies who expected years of development. Their superior efficacy to other vaccines should make mRNA vaccines indispensable, but their diffusion remains low outside developed countries. Several reasons are given, ranging from logistical difficulties to mistrust of populations or the impossibility of producing them locally without lifting patents. Considering that, in these debates, these patents may be challenged because they do not meet the necessary criteria of inventiveness, it appeared necessary to review the history, over more than three decades, of the academic research and entrepreneurial spirit that led to the advent of mRNA platforms, to examine their mutual merits and the role of industrial property for biotechnology companies.