Abstract
As an inevitable product of the development of the construction industry, safety production has attracted more and more attention. In particular, it affects sustainable development. It is important to study the unsafe behavior of individuals. This study integrated the hybrid method of necessary condition analysis (NCA) and structural equation model (SEM). Based on the institutional environment perspective of social cognition theory, an empirical analysis was conducted through field observation and 186 questionnaire data to explore the influence of the institutional environment, safety attitude, and unsafe behavior. The results showed that improved safety attitudes of workers are a key requisite to curb unsafe behavior, and it was confirmed that safety attitude plays a complete mediating role between institutional environment and unsafe behavior. Through the analysis of the necessary conditions and mediating effects of safety attitude, the study deepened the theoretical understanding of the interaction between institutional environment, safety attitude, and unsafe behavior. Also, it provided relevant management suggestions for the construction industry in safety management.