Abstract
Hyperuricemia is closely linked to metabolic diseases and cardiovascular conditions, while circadian syndrome (CircS) plays a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related disorders. This study examines the relationship between CircS, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and the risk of hyperuricemia using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships between CircS, its components, SUA levels, and the risk of hyperuricemia, supplemented by subgroup analyses and interaction tests to understand the influence of other risk factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was utilized to investigate potential nonlinear relationships. The study included 16,785 adults aged 20 and older, of whom 5,833 exhibited CircS and 3,572 had hyperuricemia. The weighted linear regression revealed a significant positive association between CircS and SUA levels (β = 0.108, 95% CI 0.034, 0.182; P = 0.005), with triglyceride scores showing the strongest association (β = 0.168, 95% CI 0.105, 0.231; P < 0.001). Additionally, weighted multivariable logistic regression indicated a significant link between CircS and hyperuricemia occurrence (OR = 1.227; 95% CI: 1.073, 1.402; P = 0.003), with blood pressure scores having the most substantial contribution (OR = 1.538; 95% CI: 1.347, 1.756; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of these correlations across various populations. RCS results demonstrated significant nonlinear relationships between CircS, SUA levels, and hyperuricemia (P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study establishes a significant positive association between CircS and both SUA levels and the risk of hyperuricemia, highlighting a notable nonlinear relationship between the two.