Abstract
Autism is a heterogeneous condition with a rising prevalence and demand for specialized care. Autistic children are more likely than neurotypical peers to experience co-occurring conditions (CCs), including medical, psychiatric, and behavioral issues, highlighting the urgent need for autism-competent healthcare providers in general healthcare. This review aims to equip primary care providers (PCPs) with a concise summary of common CCs and strategies for effective identification. A panel of experts with extensive experience in caring for autistic children collaboratively summarized key literature, research evidence, and existing clinical trial outcomes, supplementing their clinical expertise. Autistic children consistently show higher rates of both medical and mental health issues. Despite greater healthcare utilization, many autistic individuals report unmet needs. CCs can impair behavior, functioning, and well-being, but are often treatable when recognized early. Timely identification and management of medical and psychiatric CCs are critical for improving outcomes for autistic children and their families. This evidence-based review supports PCPs in enhancing their knowledge, fostering early recognition, and delivering comprehensive, responsive care.