Abstract
QUESTION: Several parents have recently asked me if oxytocin would be helpful for treating their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What do we currently know about the use of oxytocin for the treatment of children with ASD? ANSWER: Autism spectrum disorder is prevalent among children in Canada, with most affected children experiencing difficulties with social function. Behavioural and educational interventions are the first-line treatments for children with ASD. Multiple studies of oxytocin in children with ASD from the past 2 decades provide equivocal results related to social functioning, and a recent large study did not show benefit from treatment with oxytocin. Small sample sizes and differences in participant age, oxytocin formulation and dose, treatment duration, outcome measures, and analytic methods may help explain some of these disparities. The fact that ASD has a range of clinical presentations may also contribute to mixed results. The use of oxytocin has limited benefit in changing social function in children with ASD and there is no support for its current use in the treatment of this population.