Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2018, ground subsidence caused by rock salt extraction in Maceió (Alagoas, Brazil) forced the relocation of thousands of residents, resulting in a significant increase in animal abandonment, particularly dogs and cats. This study analyzed the occurrence of these abandonments in the affected neighborhoods and evaluated the impact of interventions implemented by the "Projeto Integra Animal" (Animal Integration Project) in mitigating the problem. METHODS: This is a descriptive study based on data collected between October 2020 and December 2024 by the "Projeto Integra Animal" (Animal Integration Project) and its subproject "Focinho Responsável" (Responsible Snout). Data regarding animal rescues, adoptions, profiles of abandoned animals, and complaints recorded through the Disque Denúncia 181 hotline in 2023 were considered. Educational activities conducted in partnership with schools were also analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation, and the Chi-square test were employed. RESULTS: In total, 1,826 animals were sheltered, of which 1,147 (63%) were classified as abandoned, comprising 78.7% cats and 21.3% dogs, with a higher incidence in the Pinheiro (35.5%) and Bebedouro (28.7%) neighborhoods. Overall, 864 animals were adopted, predominantly cats (71.1%), with a preference for younger animals (71% aged up to one year). A gradual reduction in abandonment cases was observed, along with a positive correlation (r = 0.96) between abandonment and adoption rates, showing a reversal starting in 2023 that coincided with the strengthening of educational activities. In 2023, 52 complaints of animal mistreatment were recorded, mostly involving dogs. School and community campaigns played a crucial role in promoting responsible pet ownership. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal the impacts of urban crises on animal welfare and highlight the importance of community strategies in addressing animal abandonment. Educational initiatives, school partnerships, and adoption fairs proved effective in reversing this scenario and promoting responsible ownership. The "Projeto Integra Animal" (Animal Integration Project) serves as a replicable model for public health interventions in similar socio-environmental contexts.