Abstract
A joint comparative regional analysis of different resistance combinations across human and veterinary medicine has not been previously conducted in Germany. This study analyses 16 resistance combinations from four antibiotics in E. coli from different human and food-producing animal populations in three German regions: East, North West and South West. The E. coli data were collected from the three national surveillance and monitoring systems for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in humans (ARS), food-safety (Zoonosis Monitoring) and animal pathogens (GERM-Vet) from January 2014 to December 2017. Analyses were performed using cluster analysis (hierarchical clustering, average linkage) in R. We included data from 537,215 E. coli isolates from human clinical isolates, from clinical as well as non-clinical isolates from food-producing animals and from food. The majority of the data originated from the North West region. There were two main clusters built on 54 different human and animal populations. We observed close similarities of resistance combinations in human isolates from the different regions within the same human populations from outpatient cares, general wards and ICUs. These resistance combinations clustered separately from non-clinical isolates from broilers, turkeys, cattle and pigs; except for some of clinical isolates from these populations which clustered closely to isolates from human populations. Frequently, the resistance combinations in E. coli isolates from farms clustered closely to the resistance combinations in isolates from slaughterhouses from broilers and turkeys over all regions. However, the resistance combinations in E. coli isolates from retail meat populations tended to cluster separately within their respective populations in between all regions.