Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the most abundant inner membrane phospholipid. PE synthesis from ethanolamine and diacylglycerol is regulated primarily by CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2). Pcyt2(+/-) mice have reduced PE synthesis and, as a consequence, perturbed glucose and fatty acid metabolism, which gradually leads to the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. Glucose and fatty acid uptake and the corresponding transporters Glut4 and Cd36 are similarly impaired in male and female Pcyt2(+/-) hearts. These mice also have similarly reduced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt1 signaling and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the heart. However, only Pcyt2(+/-) males develop hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Pcyt2(+/-) males have upregulated heart AceI expression, heart phospholipids enriched in arachidonic acid and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dramatically increased ROS production in the aorta. In contrast, Pcyt2(+/-) females have unmodified heart phospholipids but have reduced heart triglyceride levels and altered expression of the structural genes Acta (low) and Myh7 (high). These changes together protect Pcyt2(+/-) females from cardiac dysfunction under conditions of reduced glucose and fatty acid uptake and heart insulin resistance. Our data identify Pcyt2 and membrane PE biogenesis as important determinants of gender-specific differences in cardiac lipids and heart function.