Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of S. officinalis leaves in management of dyslipidemia of chronic disease. Dyslipidemia is one of the main indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is typically characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) along with reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in blood. The handling of dyslipidemia is a crucial factor in the general control of the cardiovascular risk in individuals suffering from diseases such as diabetes, CVD or hypertension. Plant foods have played an important role in chronic disease management. S. officinalis leaves (sage) have been identified as improving glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in animal and human models. METHODS: PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHEL and MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords (“Serum lipids” OR triglyceride* OR cholesterol* OR “LDL” OR “HDL” OR dyslipidemia) AND (sage or "Salvia officinalis") up to January 2019. Review articles, animal studies, non-trial, non-specific related plants, and articles which did not examine lipid profiles were included in the exclusion criteria. Articles that met the inclusion criteria included effects of administration of Salvia officinalis on serum lipid in clinical trials. All statistical calculations were performed using SAS software version 9.2 (SAS, Cary NC, USA). RESULTS: From 243 studies, four of the trials met the selection criteria of the meta-analysis. Salvia officinalis significantly improved serum lipids. The estimated value for TC was −52.64 mg/dl, 95% CI: −71.0505 to −34.23, P = 0.0001 and LDL −23.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: −40.07 to −6.48, P = 0.006. Moreover, TG was −74.98 mg/dl, 95% CI: −129.16 to −20.8190, P = 0.006 and HDL-C at 6.3424 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.58 to 11.1033, P = 0.009) was significantly improved after Salvia officinalis administration CONCLUSIONS: Although the systematic review and meta-analysis investigation involved few studies it revealed promising efficiency of Salvia officinalis on improving the serum lipids in clinical trials and suggested that Salvia officinalis can be an appropriate plant food to manage dyslipidemia of chronic diseases. FUNDING SOURCES: N/A.