Abstract
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to ensure that the modules transfer the maximum generated power to the load. An advanced algorithm, the Improved Optimized Adaptive Differential Conductance (IOADC), was developed by applying Kirchhoff's law within a single diode model framework. The algorithm's performance was evaluated under various solar irradiance levels of 500 W/m(2), 750 W/m(2), and 1000 W/m(2) at a constant temperature of 298K, analyzing its impact on power generation and transfer. Additionally, the performance was assessed at varying temperatures of 250K, 298K, and 350K under a constant irradiance of 1000 W/m(2) to examine its effect on the Module Saturation Current (MSC). The analysis revealed that the PV modules' impedance decreases with increasing irradiance, while the load's impedance remains largely unaffected which aligns with the PV applications. However, the implementation of the IOADC technique showed significant effectiveness. It was also noted that an increase in temperature raises the module saturation current, which in turn reduces the power output, and vice versa which also agrees with the PV application. Real-world application results indicated that at an irradiance of 750 W/m(2), the output power at the maximum power point (MPP) for the Optimized Adaptive Differential Conductance (OADC), Voltage Control Technique, and IOADC were 83.3346 W, 86.9122 W, and 100.1739 W, respectively. The 100.1739W obtained from the IOADC technique showed a significant improvement. Through comprehensive comparative evaluation, analysis, and validation of the effects of varying temperature, irradiance, and MSC on output power, the developed IOADC model demonstrated a relative improvement of 15.82 % in simulations and 20.21 % in real-world conditions compared to the Voltage Control Technique and the OADC technique, respectively. Simulation validation and real-world application validation were performed using MATLAB 2020b. These validations confirmed the superior performance of the IOADC algorithm under varying conditions of temperature, irradiance, and module saturation current.