Abstract
Among the key challenges in utilizing solar photovoltaic arrays comprising multiple series-connected modules, is achieving its operation at the global maximum power point under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Partial shading is a common occurrence in large PV installations due to obstructions such as poles, trees, chimneys, clouds, and fences. Consequently, the output power generated by partially shaded panels often falls short of the expected levels and thus user has less reliability in this technology. To mitigate the adverse effects of PSCs related to power generation, modifications to the interconnection schemes of PV arrays are frequently employed. Numerous interconnection strategies have been proposed and incorporated in the literature. Among them, the most popular ones are series-parallel (SP) and total-cross-tied (TCT). A performance comparison between SP and TCT under various shade patterns are analysed in this paper. The findings show that TCT typically performs better than SP, generating more power in the majority of situations. SP is a good substitute for TCT, though, because it can produce more or the same amount of electricity under specific shading conditions. Because SP has less complicated wiring, requires less time to install, and performs just as well, hence it is preferred. In order to maximize power generation, the paper also contains experimental validation of simulation results, highlighting the fact that the number of shaded rows and columns should determine the interconnection scheme selection. PV systems can increase dependability and efficiency by choosing the right interconnection approach, guaranteeing peak performance even in partial shading conditions.