Abstract
Accumulated evidence emerges that dynamic changes in human gut microbiota and microbial metabolites can alter the ecological balance of symbiotic hosts. The gut microbiota plays a role in various diseases through different mechanisms. More and more attention has been paid to the effects that human microbiota extends beyond the gut. This review summarized the current understanding of the roles that gut microbiota plays in hematopoietic regulation and the occurrence and development of benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The progress of the application of microbiota in treatment was discussed in order to provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment in the future.