Abstract
This review explores the relationship between gut microbiota, diabetes, and the potential of SGLT2 inhibitor drugs (gliflozins) in improving gut health and overall metabolic status. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating processes such as digestion, immunity, and homeostasis. Disruptions in the balance of this microbial community can lead to various health issues, including diabetes. In diabetic patients, changes in bacterial composition are observed, such as an increase in harmful bacteria (Firmicutes) and a decrease in beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes). SGLT2 inhibitors, including empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin, have positive effects on gut microbiota in addition to lowering blood sugar levels. These drugs work by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are essential for gut health. Furthermore, by reducing harmful bacteria, they help mitigate diabetic complications, such as kidney damage, heart problems, and liver fibrosis. However, the long-term effects of these drugs on gut microbiota remain unclear, and individual responses may vary based on factors like genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Combining these drugs with probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary modifications could enhance their efficacy and offer a more personalized approach to treatment. Gliflozins contribute to this shift by rebalancing the body's systems. As research progresses, new methods for diagnosing diabetes, personalized treatment plans, and combination therapies may emerge, ultimately improving the quality of life for diabetic patients.