Abstract
BACKGROUND: The ovaries are crucial reproductive organs in female mammals, directly influencing the reproductive efficiency and productivity of these animals. The Duolang sheep, native to Xinjiang, is known for its rapid growth and high fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying ovarian follicle development and regulation in sheep remain unclear. METHODS: Employing transcriptome sequencing technology, this study methodically analyzed ovaries from sheep across various estrous cycles to uncover key genes and signaling pathways that play a role in the development of ovarian follicles. RESULTS: The results indicated that a total of 130, 183, and 175 differentially expressed genes were identified in the DTA/DTB, DTB/DTC, and DTA/DTC groups, respectively. Key genes like BAG3, GDF5, RHOB, RUNX2, LGALS3, and CDH1, along with pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, the NOTCH signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway, were found to be involved. RT-qPCR confirmed the differential expression of BAG3, RHOB, and RUNX2. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of ovarian follicle development and a basis for enhancing the reproductive performance of Duolang sheep.