Abstract
Breast milk is the preferred food for preterm infants. In recent years, the role of breast milk in the brain development of preterm infants has attracted more and more attention. Studies have shown that the effect of breastfeeding on neurodevelopment and long-term cognitive outcome of preterm infants may persist into childhood, adolescence, and even adulthood. The nutrients in breast milk, such as oligosaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lactoferrin, play an important role in this process. This article reviews the latest research advances in the role of breast milk nutrients in the brain development of preterm infants and elaborates on the concept and function of each nutrient.