Abstract
Biochar production from unconventional biomass, specifically onion peel (OP) and chicken feathers (CF), was investigated in this study. Two distinct biochars were produced by doping each biomass with the other, with the aim of exploring the synergistic effects of different feedstock combinations on biochar properties. The biochar production process was conducted using a retort heating method and characterized using several techniques. A yield of 36 % was obtained for OP-doped biochar (OP92CF8-BC) and 23 % for CF-doped biochar (F92OP8-BC). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic functional groups from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in OP92CF8-BC, while CF92OP8-BC displayed keratin-related peaks. Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging showed surface morphology differences, with OP92CF8-BC exhibiting a rougher and more porous structure compared to CF92OP8-BC. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis confirmed the elemental composition, with OP92CF8-BC having higher carbon, calcium, and sulfur contents and CF92OP8-BC having higher nitrogen and oxygen contents. The biochar had specific surface areas of 342.4 and 200.80 m(2)/g for OP92CF8-BC and CF92OP8-BC, respectively. According to the results, using biochar treatments-more especially, CF92OP8-BC-can significantly enhance cob weight. This could be good for agricultural productivity. These findings highlight the influence of feedstock composition on the properties of biochar and provide insights for its potential applications in soil amendment and pollutant removal.