Abstract
The antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) generated from cephalosporin C production is a hazardous organic waste, which is usually disposed of by landfilling that causes potential secondary environmental pollution. AMR combustion can be an effective method to treat AMR. In order to develop clean combustion technologies for safe disposal and energy recovery from various AMRs, the emission characteristics of NO(x) and SO(2) from AMR combustion were studied experimentally in this work. It was found that the fuel-N is constituted by 85% protein nitrogen and 15% inorganic nitrogen, and the fuel-S by 78% inorganic sulfur and 22% organic sulfur. Nitrogen oxide emissions mainly occur at the volatile combustion stage when the temperature rises to 400 °C, while the primary sulfur oxide emission appears at the char combustion stage above 400 °C. Increasing the combustion temperature and airflow cause higher NO(x) emissions. High moisture content in AMR can significantly reduce the NO(x) emission by lowering the combustion temperature and generating more reducing gases such as CO. For the SO(2) emission, the combustion temperature (700 to 900 °C), airflow and AMR water content do not seem to exhibit obvious effects. The presence of CaO significantly inhibits SO(2) emission, especially for the SO(2) produced during the AMR char combustion because of the good control effect on the direct emission of inorganic SO(2). Employing air/fuel staging technologies in combination with in-situ desulfurization by calcium oxide/salts added in the combustor with operation temperatures lower than 900 °C should be a potential technology for the clean disposal of AMRs.