Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (LAA) is considered a powerful antioxidant that protects skin from premature aging. Maintaining the stability of vitamin C remains the biggest challenge in cosmeceuticals. Our main aim is the entrapment of high dose of vitamin C in spanlastic vesicles to provide maximum stability and efficacy. LAA-loaded spanlastics were prepared by ethanol injection method and were characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particles size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, deformability index (DI) and in vivo skin permeation. Selected spanlastics formula composed of span 60 and tween 60 (5:1) showed highest EE% of 89.77 ± 3.61% (w/w), high deformability of 11.13 ± 1.145 as well as good physical and chemical stability for 6 months. Improved drug penetration into stratum corneum (SC) was obtained from spanlastics compared to topical LAA solution. Quantitative real time PCR revealed that MMP2 and MMP9 levels were significantly suppressed in response to LAA spanlastics treated rats by 30.4% and 65.3%, respectively, when compared to the control group after exposure to UV irradiation. Results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Histopathological study of rat skin after UV irradiation revealed that application of LAA-loaded spanlastics provided the highest skin protection compared to UVB and LAA solution treated group which was evident by the normal thick epidermal morphology and the densely arranged dermal collagen fibers. LAA-loaded spanlastics successfully improved LAA stability, skin permeation and antioxidant protection against skin photodamage.