Abstract
Four ceria-based mesoporous oxide materials were prepared using a new vacuum impregnation (VI) templating method developed by the authors, namely, vacuum-assisted nanocasting (VAN). Two hard templates (SBA-15 and KIT-6) were employed, and products with compositions CeO(2) and Ce(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(1.9) (CGO) were made with each. The desired fluorite phase and composition were confirmed by powder XRD and EDS. The product structures were characterised by XRD, TEM, gas physisorption and SAXS. All products contained ordered mesoporous material in high yields. The specific surface areas (SSAs) and pore volumes of the products were determined to be high and the pore size and pore spacings related well to the templates from which the materials were synthesised. The TEM studies confirmed that the samples had a 3D pore structure, with this being the negative of the original template. The target materials were not only produced in high yields, but also displayed a porous single-crystal morphology with non-linear lattice planes. The highest SSA values and pore volumes were reported for materials impregnated using the KIT-6 template and with the CGO composition. The results suggest that VAN is an excellent and reproducible method for producing ordered mesoporous cerias and has considerable potential for wider application. All the mesoporous products showed dramatically increased reducibility in TPR experiments compared with a high-SSA nanoparticulate ceria reference. This is very promising for their potential applications in oxidation catalysts and in fuel cell components.