Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Food-based products such as common bean peptides may contribute to reduce the risk of complications associated with obesity. The objective of this research was to produce and characterize peptides from common bean protein isolates and evaluate their potential to prevent adipogenesis. METHODS: Protein hydrolysates of raw common black bean (BBPH) were generated using a simulated gastrointestinal digestion by either pepsin/pancreatin (p/p) or a protease: alcalase. SDS-PAGE was performed for visualization of the protein profile and the generated peptides were characterized using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Bioactive peptides potential was evaluated using BIOPEP database. The antiadipogenic potential was evaluated by the pancreatic lipase (triglyceride lipases, EC 3.1.1.3) inhibition assay. Determination of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was evaluated with Oil Red lipid staining. RESULTS: Hydrolysates either with pepsin/pancreatin or alcalase showed strong inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with no statistical differences between them (IC50 = 3.21 and 1.23 mg/mL, respectively). Results from the SDS-PAGE indicate both BBPH had an average size of <15 kDa. It was possible to identify a higher number of peptide sequences with alcalase BBPH than using pepsin/pancreatin. Physical properties of identified peptides from pepsin/pancreatin were: SGNGGGGGASM, pI = 6, net charge = +1; SKPGGGSPVA pI = 10.1, net charge = +1; VELVGPK, pI = 6.9, net charge = +1; KPTTGKGALA, pI = 10.6, net charge = +1; the main reported bioactivities were DPP-IV and ACE inhibitors. BPPH inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Hydrolysates generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion prevented lipid accumulation on adipocytes in basal conditions (IC50 = 1.08 mg/mL). Pepsin/pancreatin and alcalase BBPH promoted an important decrease in fat accumulation (45.28% and 12.08%, respectively) in comparison to non-treated adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Common black bean peptides generated by either simulated gastrointestinal digestion or alcalase play an influential role in lipid metabolism. They could be considered a promising alternative to be integrated as functional ingredients into a food matrix. FUNDING SOURCES: Scientific Projects Grant “Para Atender problemas Nacionales” 2016 No. 2081. CONACYT, and USDA-NIFA-HATCH project 1,014,457.