Abstract
BACKGROUND: Same-day placement of long-acting reversible contraceptives, occurring when the device is requested and placed within a single visit, reduces barriers to the patient and reduces unintended pregnancies. Despite the safety and efficacy of same-day placement, access to same-day services remains low. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Delaware Contraceptive Access Now initiative, a statewide initiative in Delaware focused on increasing same-day access to effective contraception on same-day receipt of long-acting reversible contraceptives. STUDY DESIGN: We used Medicaid claims and encounter data to identify instances of same-day and multivisit receipts of long-acting reversible contraceptives among Medicaid-enrolled individuals in Delaware and Maryland aged 15-44 years who were covered in a full-benefits or family planning Medicaid aid category during the month of the placement and the 2 previous months. We used a difference-in-differences design that compared changes in the outcome from before to after implementation of the initiative among placements at agencies that participated in the initiative (n=6676) vs 2 alternative comparison groups: placements at Delaware agencies that did not participate (n=688) and placements in Maryland (n=35,847). RESULTS: We found that the intervention was associated with a 13.3 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, 1.9%-24.7%) in receipt of same-day long-acting reversible contraceptives using a nonparticipating Delaware comparison group, a 21.1 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, 13.7%-28.6%) using a Maryland comparison group, and a 21.0 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, 14.1%-27.9%) using a pooled comparison group. The effects were larger for implants than intrauterine devices. CONCLUSION: The Delaware Contraceptive Access Now initiative substantially increased the number of patients receiving long-acting reversible contraceptives through a single-visit encounter. Our findings suggested that coordinated interventions involving provider and staff training and capital investments that seed device stocking can increase the number of patients receiving same-day long-acting reversible contraceptives.