Abstract
Exposure of human immune cells to asbestos causes a reduction in antitumor immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of reduced antitumor immunity by several ingredients taken as supplements or foods, including trehalose (Treh) and glycosylated hesperidin (gHesp). Peripheral blood CD4+ cells were stimulated with IL‑2, anti‑CD3 and anti‑CD28 antibodies for 3 days, followed by further stimulation with IL‑2 for 7 days. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with IL‑2 for an additional 28 days. During the 28 days, cells were cultured in the absence or presence of 50 <em>µ</em>g/ml chrysotile asbestos fibers. In addition, cells were treated with 10 mM Treh or 10 <em>µ</em>M gHesp. Following culture for 28 days, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to assess the expression levels of transcription factors, cytokines and specific genes, including matrix metalloproteinase‑7 (MMP‑7), nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) and C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 3, in unstimulated cells (fresh) and cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin (stimuli). The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, chrysotile‑exposure induced alterations in MMP‑7, NNT and IL‑17A expression levels were not observed in the 'Treh' and 'gHesp' groups in stimulated cells. The results suggested that Treh and gHesp may reverse asbestos exposure‑induced reduced antitumor immunity in T helper cells. However, further investigation is required to confirm the efficacy of future trials involving the use of these compounds with high‑risk human populations exposed to asbestos, such as workers involved in asbestos‑handling activities.