Bradycardia, Renal Failure, Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade, Shock and Hyperkalaemia Syndrome Involving Digoxin Toxicity: A Case Report

地高辛中毒并发心动过缓、肾功能衰竭、房室结阻滞、休克和高钾血症综合征:病例报告

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Abstract

Bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock and hyperkalemia (BRASH) syndrome is named after the pentad of symptoms experienced by patients with this clinical entity, and is propagated via a synergistic mechanism. Herein, we describe a case of an 81-year-old male who presented with bradycardia, dyspnoea on exertion, and confusion. He was also initially found to be in cardiogenic shock. In a setting of elevated digoxin levels, acute renal failure and hyperkalemia, he was diagnosed with BRASH syndrome. Prompt interventions of continuous renal replacement therapy and digoxin antibody administration were performed to treat this patient. His renal function improved and his hyperkalemia and bradycardia resolved over the course of 4 days, and the patient was discharged to a subacute rehabilitation facility after stabilization. BRASH syndrome is a clinical entity requiring prompt diagnosis for life-saving treatment, including renal replacement therapy, vasoactive medications, transvenous pacing, and reversing agents, when appropriate.

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