Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Neural stimulation has become an established minimally invasive treatment for various lower urinary tract symptoms. The results both short- and long-term are encouraging, however, there is still a lack of knowledge of obvious risk factors, which may affect the outcome of treatment. Although neural stimulation has been embraced by healthcare professionals and patients, the exact mechanism by which neural stimulation works is still unclear. DISCUSSION: A condense review of knowledge available on this topic is presented. Several research questions are raised. Outlines of research studies, both clinical and basic science, are suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are necessary to understand mechanism of action of neural stimulation and its implications on treatment outcomes.