Abstract
Asthma treatment concepts have profoundly changed over the last 20 years, from standard therapeutic regimens for all patients with asthma towards individually tailored interventions targeting treatable traits ("precision medicine"). A precise and highly effective immune modulation with minimal adverse effects plays a central role in this new concept. Recently, there have been major advances in the treatment of asthma with immune-modulatory compounds. One example is the approval of several highly potent biologics for the treatment of severe asthma. New immune-modulatory strategies are expected to enter clinical practice in the future; these innovations will be especially important for patients with treatment-resistant asthma.