Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple combinations of COVID-19 vaccine regimens have been used in Canada throughout the SARS-CoV-2 immunization campaign. Studies evaluating the humoral immune response following COVID-19 vaccination in community dwelling older adults remain limited. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccine elicited antibody responses in older adult populations, alongside factors that influence antibody responses. METHODS: Community dwelling adults aged 50 to 87 years (mean=65) were enrolled (n=612). Detection of index SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG (anti-S-IgG) concentration and surrogate neutralization were performed on dried blood spot samples via two multiplex assays (Meso Scale Diagnostics). Anti-S-IgG concentration and surrogate neutralization were quantified following mRNA (mRNA-1273 [m-1273], BNT162b2 [BNT]) or viral vector (ChAdOx1-S [ChAd]) vaccination. Vaccine groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests. Multivariable regression analyses evaluated influences of demographic and clinical factors on humoral immune responses. RESULTS: Three doses of m-1273 resulted in significantly higher anti-S-IgG compared with three BNT doses at four months (geometric mean concentration; 10167 AU/mL vs. 5412 AU/mL, P=0.009) post dose three. Three dose mixed vaccination with ChAd, m-1273 and BNT resulted in comparable anti-S-IgG concentration to three dose m-1273 at four months post dose three. Three doses of either m-1273 or mixed mRNA containing vaccines was associated with significantly higher surrogate neutralization compared with three BNT doses at four months (46% & 43% vs. 34%, P=0.002) post dose three. No significant difference in anti-S-IgG concentration was observed in four dose vaccination regimens. SARS-CoV-2 infection, health status of excellent or very good, and m-1273 containing vaccine regimens positively influenced the antibody response. CONCLUSION: Immunization schedules including a minimum of one m-1273 dose elicited the strongest and most durable antibody responses compared with BNT only containing regimens. There is no established correlate of protection for COVID-19, and as such this data should be interpreted alongside vaccine effectiveness studies. Omicron and XBB specific antibody responses will be compared. DISCLOSURES: Sofia R. Bartlett, PhD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support Theodore Steiner, MD, FRCPC, Edesa: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Grant/Research Support|Qu Biologics: Advisor/Consultant|Qu Biologics: Stocks/Bonds|Seres: Grant/Research Support Manish Sadarangani, BM BCh, FRCPC, DPhil, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Symvivo: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support