Abstract
Stress on the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can severely disrupt cellular function by impairing protein folding and post-translational modifications, thereby leading to the accumulation of poor-quality proteins. However, research on its impact on photosynthesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of ER stress on the photosynthetic efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using pharmacological inducers, tunicamycin (TM) and brefeldin A (BFA), which specifically target the ER. Our measurements of photosynthetic parameters showed that these ER stress-inducing compounds caused a significant decline in photosynthetic efficiency. A proteomic analysis confirmed that TM and BFA effectively induce ER stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of ER stress-related proteins. Furthermore, we observed a widespread downregulation of photosynthesis-related proteins, which is consistent with the results obtained from our measurements of photosynthetic parameters. These findings suggest that the stress on ER has a profound impact on chloroplast function, disrupting photosynthetic processes. This study highlights the critical interdependence between the ER and chloroplasts, and it underscores the broader implications of ER stress on the cellular metabolism and energy efficiency of photosynthetic organisms.