Abstract
Melanoma occurs in various forms and body areas, not only in the cutis, but also in mucous membranes and the uvea. Rarer subtypes of that cancer differ in genomic aberrations, which cause their minor sensibility to regular cutaneous melanoma therapies. Therefore, it is essential to discover new strategies for treating rare forms of melanoma. In recent years, interest in applying CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) in cancer therapy has grown, as they are able to arrest the cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation. Current studies highlight selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, like palbociclib or abemaciclib, as a very promising therapeutic option, since they were accepted by the FDA for advanced breast cancer treatment. However, cells of every subtype of melanoma do not react to CDKIs the same way, which is partly because of the genetic differences between them. Herein, we discuss the past and current research relevant to targeting various CDKs in mucosal, uveal and acral melanomas. We also briefly describe the issue of amelanotic and desmoplastic types of melanoma and the need to do more research to discover cell cycle dysregulations, which cause the growth of the mentioned forms of cancer.