Abstract
Metastatic features of breast cancer in the brain are considered a common pathology in female patients with late-stage breast cancer. Ca(2+) signaling and the overexpression pattern of Ca(2+) channels have been regarded as oncogenic markers of breast cancer. In other words, breast tumor development can be mediated by inhibiting Ca(2+) channels. Although the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Ca(2+) channels against breast cancer has been demonstrated, the relationship between breast cancer metastasis and Ca(2+) channels is not yet understood. Thus, we focused on the metastatic features of breast cancer and summarized the basic mechanisms of Ca(2+)-related proteins and channels during the stages of metastatic breast cancer by evaluating Ca(2+) signaling. In particular, we highlighted the metastasis of breast tumors to the brain. Thus, modulating Ca(2+) channels with Ca(2+) channel inhibitors and combined applications will advance treatment strategies for breast cancer metastasis to the brain.